Document Type : Original full papers (regular papers)
Authors
1
Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University
2
Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, El Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
3
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, El Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
Abstract
Four genotypes of bread wheat were crossed in a full diallel scheme. The study was conducted to determine the effects of salt stress on wheat varieties for yield traits, focusing on the performance of parents and F1 crosses. The experiment was conducted in a RCBD with three replications. The results cleared that salt stress caused high reduction in traits like heading date, plant height, spike length, No. tillers per plant, No. grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 100-grain weight, and grain yield/plant. Among the parents, P4 displayed the greatest resilience, maintaining higher values for numerous traits under high salt conditions. Crosses involving P4; P4×P3 and P4×P2, showed improved salt tolerance, exhibiting smaller reductions in crucial traits. The general (GCA), specific (SCA), reciprocal combining ability (RCA), and heterosis were evaluated. It was found that P4 was a top combiner for yield traits, while higher yields under stress were maintained by crosses P2×P3 and P2×P4. Crosses like P1×P4, P4×P3, and P2×P3 showed large gains over parents without stress. P4×P2, P1×P4, and P3×P2 did this under medium and high stress. Heterosis was significant in under specific conditions: P1×P4 displayed notable heterosis for heading date, plant height, and spike length under low saline salinity, while P4×P2 excelled for multiple traits, including grain yield under moderate stress. Under severe stress, P2×P4 and P4×P2 stood out for traits such as heading date, spike length, and tiller number. These results help the breeders to select the tolerance crosses for next generations to develop new promising lines for saline conditions.
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